this helps me understand things a little more...

Definition from Wiki

• metonymy — a trope through proximity or correspondence, for example referring to actions of the U.S. President as "actions of the White House."

My definition-
"Back to the grind stone" in reference to getting back to work.

Definition from Wiki

• irony — creating a trope through implying the opposite of the standard meaning, such as describing poverty as "good times."

My example
-as trust worthy as a politician

Definition from Wiki

• metaphor — an explanation of an object or idea through juxtaposition of disparate things with a similar characteristic, such as describing a courageous person as having a "heart of a lion."

My definition
-"they have the voice of an angel" when talking about someone who sings well.

Definition from Wiki

• synecdoche — related to metonymy and metaphor, creates a play on words by referring to something with a related concept: for example, referring to the whole with the name of a part, such as "hired hands" for workers; a part with the name of the whole, such as "the law" for police officers; the general with the specific, such as "bread" for food; the specific with the general, such as "cat" for a lion; or an object with the material it is made from, such as "bricks and mortar" for a building.

My example
-"Nice ink" said when commenting on someones tattoo.